The Second Gilded Age Is...
My protest began as an involuntary esthetic revulsion. The moral panic and existential dread came later. One of my sources believed Western civilization didn’t grow continuously but in pulses, each one emerging after a trough, reorganizing institutions, producing a burst of creativity, and then stabilizing into a plateau. Greek letters were his way of marking these pulses as structural phases, not moral judgments. Well, I made some. Never forget that Hitler was an artist manqué. I can't really say the same thing about Napoleon, but he became necessary after the French Revolution failed to solve its problem. This is where Kroeber is more subtle than people often remember. He acknowledge that conflict, war, and coercive power are part of culture. What he resisted was letting war drive the structure of his cultural‑growth model. As if to prove this, napoleon did solve France's problem; then he went to war - after he made it unnecessary. By reforming France's provincial struct...